CAPTCHA Hax With TesserCap

 

This blog post was voted as 8th best in Top 10 Web Hacking Techniques of 2011 poll.

With the goal of creating a tool that can help security professionals and developers to test their CAPTCHA schemes, I conducted a research on over 200 high traffic websites and several CAPTCHA service providers listed on 
Quantcast’s Top 1 Million Ranking Websites

During the same time frame, students at the Stanford University also conducted a similar 
research (PDF). Both research works concluded the obvious:

An alarming number of CAPTCHAs schemes are vulnerable to automated attacks.

I looked around, tested and zeroed in on Tesseract-OCR as my OCR engine. To remove color complexities, spatial irregularities, and other types of random noise from CAPTCHAs, I decided to write my own image preprocessing engine. After a few months of research, coding and testing in my spare time, TesserCap was born and is ready for release now. 

TesserCap is a GUI based, point and shoot CAPTCHA analysis tool with the following features: 
 

  1. A generic image preprocessing engine that can be configured as per the CAPTCHA type being analyzed.

  2. Tesseract-OCR as its OCR engine to retrieve text from preprocessed CAPTCHAs.

  3. Web proxy support

  4. Support for custom HTTP headers to retrieve CAPTCHAs from websites that require cookies or special HTTP headers in requests

  5. CAPTCHA statistical analysis support

  6. Character set selection for the OCR Engine

An example TesserCap image preprocessing and run on Wikipedia (Wikimedia’s Fancy CAPTCHA) is shown below:

 



 

Downloads

TesserCap and it's user manual can be downloaded from one of the following locations:
 

Results

The two tables below summarize the CAPTCHA analysis performed using TesserCap for few popular websites and some CAPTCHA service providers. All these tests were performed using TesserCap’s image preprocessing module and Tesseract-OCR’s default training data.





 



 

Website

Accuracy*

Quantcast Rank

wikipedia

20-30%

7

ebay

20-30%

11

reddit.com

20-30%

68

CNBC

50+%

121

foodnetwork.com

80-90%

160

dailymail.co.uk

30+%

245

megaupload.com

80+%

1000

pastebin.com

70-80%

32,534

cavenue.com

80+%

149,645





 

CAPTCHA Provider

Accuracy*

captchas.net

40-50%

opencaptcha.com

20-30%

snaphost.com

60+%

captchacreator.com

10-20%

www.phpcaptcha.org

10-20%

webspamprotect.com

40+%

ReCaptcha

0%




*This accuracy maybe further increased by training the Tesseract-OCR engine for the CAPTCHAs under test.

 

Wikipedia


 




 

OpenCaptcha Preprocessing


 




 

OpenCaptcha Sample Run


 


 

Reddit


 


 

eBay